Wurlitzer 5000 (Side Man) drum machine
The Wurlitzer Side Man (model 5000) is the first synthesized drum machine. It uses vacuum tube oscillators to generate drum tones, which are triggered by contacts arranged on a rotating disc. The disc assembly is termed a commutator.
The Side Man was marketed as an accessory to Wurlitzer organs. One advertisement depicts a man playing an organ with his left hand, while adjusting the Sideman controls with his right. The advertisement reads:
You set the Side Man, vary it, control it completely. Waltz, fox trot, tango, march and many more—with cymbals, brush, blocks, drums, and other instruments. Whether you play the piano, organ, or any other instrument, professionally or for your own enjoyment, the Wurlitzer Side Man provides perfect rhythm accompaniment.
An earlier drum machine, the Chamberlin Rhythmate, contained drum samples recorded on a tape loop. The Rhythmate was capable of 14 drum patterns, but changing the tempo also changed the pitch of the drum tones. (This technology was later adapted for use in the Mellotron.) These limitations were addressed in Wurlitzer’s advertisement:
You can set [the Side Man] to any rhythm pattern you want. […] Changing the speed does not change the sound or alter the pattern—at it plays for any length of time you desire.
The Rhythmate was produced by a man named Harry Chamberlin, who reportedly built them in his garage. On the other hand, Wurlitzer was able to reuse parts and technology from their existing product lines. The drawing 61114 below depicts a pulley used to rotate the turntables in the model 1700, 1800 and 2700 jukeboxes. According to the drawing, this part was also used in the Sideman, presumably to rotate the commutator.
However, Wurlitzer consistently aimed to produce user-friendly, beginner-friendly instruments, and from that perspective the Side Man itself also had limitations. It cost $395 (around $4500 in 2026 dollars), and, although Wurlitzer claimed that it was “completely portable”, it came in a 26 × 25 × 11 1/2” finely veneered cabinet that was nearly as heavy as Wurlitzer’s smaller organs.
In 1967, Wurlitzer was granted patent 3,317,649, which described an organ containing a percussion unit. Explaining the novelty of the invention, the patent references the Sideman:
Although the “Sideman” rhythm device produces excellent results and is extremely versatile, it does entail the use of an additional piece of equipment which in some instances may be undesirable. It also requires the organist to conform his timing to that of the rhythm device. Accordingly, it is the primary object of the present invention to provide an electronic organ with built-in rhythm accompaniment.
As Wurlitzer began producing organs with built-in percussion that could be optionally triggered by any key on the manuals or bass pedals, it stopped producing the Side Man. The Side Man’s successor was the Swingin’ Rhythm, a solid state drum machine available as both as a compact standalone unit, and as a built-in option on many Wurlitzer organs.
Part no.: 61114
Part name: Pulley - turntable drive motor
Model: 5000, 1700, 1800, 2700
Date: April 4 1963
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Parts History Report (1)
Material Evaluation Report (7)
Incoming Quality Control History Card (1)Part no.: 654176
Part name: Label - Sideman
Model: 5000
Date: February 2 1966
Diazo printPart no.: 650008
Part name: Drive disc
Model: 5000
Date: May 1 1961
Diazo printPart no.: 500516
Part name: Doubling
Model: 5000
Date: January 12 1960
Diazo printPart no.: 500517
Part name: Cleat - side panel - top
Model: 5000
Date: January 12 1960
Diazo printPart no.: 650009
Part name: Drive disc & shaft assembly
Model: 5000
Date: May 2 1961
Diazo printPart no.: 500521
Part name: End panel - rear
Model: 5000
Date: January 12 1960
Diazo printPart no.: 500523
Part name: Cleat - side panel
Model: 5000
Date: January 12 1960
Diazo printPart no.: 500523
Part name: Cleat - back panel - top
Model: 5000
Date: January 12 1960
Diazo printPart no.: 500524
Part name: Top
Model: 5000
Date: January 12 1960
Diazo printPart no.: 650019
Part name: Grille
Model: 5000
Date: June 8 1961
Diazo printPart no.: 56763
Part name: Lamp - program holder
Model: 5204 wall box
Date: November 6 1951
Diazo printPart no.: 57241
Part name: Socket - 7 prong miniature
Model: KIT 129, 1500, 1550
Date: February 22 1952
Diazo printPart no.: 57279
Part name: Tube
Model: KIT 129
Date: March 6 1952
Diazo printPart no.:
Part name: Control & knob assembly
Model: 4200, 4250, 7026
Date: March 18 1957
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